Calculating-machine.



L. vv. ROSEIWAAL.

CALCULATING MACHINE. APPucMloN FILED'F EB.14,1911 RENEwED 1uNE1s, 1915.V

1,168,745. rammed Jan. 1s, 1916 4 v CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I4, 1911. l1112111511151) IuNE I6. 1915.

1,168,745.. y I Patentd 131118,1916. a SHEETS-SHEET 6.

' III/[11111]", H30

L. W. ROSENTHAL.

CALCULATING MACHINE. g

RENEWED IUNE I6 I9I5.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I4, |911.

` vIlmnmll IIII , 11;31 A Eea F29- E' UNITED vs'rarns PATENT OFFICE;

.LEON W. ROSENTHAL,

or NEW YORK, N. Y.. l

cALcULATINe-MAGHINE.

l Specification of Letters Patent. i f.

Application inea February 14, 1911, serialNo. 508,622. Renewed June 1e,1515. serial No. 34,3550, V

To all whom t may concern 'f Be it known that I, LEON W. RosnN'rHAL, acitizen 'of the UnitedStates, residing at No. 240 West One Hundred andThirtyseventh street, city ,of New York, county of New York, State ofNew York, have invented certain newr and useful Improvements inCalculating-Machines; and I do .hereby declare` the following to be afull,-

clear, and exact description -of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it -appertains to make and usethesame.

The present invention relates to calculatp ing machines; andparticularly to one adapted to automatically perform multiplication ofwhole and decimal numbers of any number ofdigits within the range forwhich the machine may be especially designed and for anysequence-andvalue of the digits in either factor.

One object is to provide a multiplying ma- -chine suoli that when themultiplicand and multiplier are set 'up and the machine putintooperation, the multiplication of the factors is automaticallyperformed.p

Another Objectis to provide a machine which performs multiplication inthe minimum time. y K

Another object is'to'provde'means for automatically printingthe'multiplicand, multiplier and product, in the usual arrangement ofthe example.

Another object is to provide lmechanisnfl such that when once put intomotion continues that motion to finality, but automatically stops themachine immediately upon completion ofthe multiplication, irrespectiveof the number, .value and sequence of the digits in either factor,except when the multiplier contains but one digit whereupon themachine.operates a triie longer. Y

Another object is to provide a motor for actuating the devices such thatit may be easily adjusted in its action to accord with the efficientspeed of the machine and which must be completely rewound to itsstarting condition before another operation can be performed. i

Another object is to provide' means for automatically clearing themachine during the rewinding operation and for retaining at will amultiplicand once set up.

Another object is to provide a machine in which the factors are-`conveniently set up in the natural order of their digits, progressingdenomination, or from left to right. 5.-

lAn'otherobject is to provide means .for ex-`V` simple construction,small size, accuracy,`

Patented Jan. 1s, 1916."

successively' from the highest. it' ai@ ieaastj and durability, as willbe pointed out in detail in'- the description and drawingsvofthe lpreferred embodiment of the machine.` i

Multiplication may be performed in two.

general ways; to wit, by properly adding the partial 'product of eachofthe multiplicand digits and each of thevmultiplier digits, orV byproperly adding the multiplicand num-A bera number of times equal to theunits in each ,digit of the multiplier. Both methods have been employedin machines heretofore devised. The machine herein disclosed operates onthe second principle, calledfthe' i addition principle.

In the preferred embodiment of my in` ventio'npthere is fone rotatablemultiplier around its outer periphery a`plurality of like seriesofprogressively stepped teeth arranged parallel toeach other and-to theaxis of 'rotation -of the drum, and a depressed blank space between allthe series. Each series consists of a blank `space representing 0, andnine teeth representing in length the nine digits, lv'to 9. There is aplurality of concentrically arranged multiplicand mem-Yberscircumferentially separated by one series ofl teeth. Eachmultiplicand member comprises a square shaft along which a gearadju'stably slides in engagement with the teeth von the multiplier drum,means for adjusting the position of the gear along the drum, a dialhaving the digitsv 0 to 9 consecutively arranged to indicate theadjustment ofthe gear, and a face vclutch onthe end of theshaft forminga part of the mechanism for transmitting the rotary motion of the'multiplicand gear -to a product wheel. Upon rotation of the multiplierdrum, each multiplicand gear is turned through the numberofteeth thatpass it, and since any gearpmay be adjusted to any point along the drum,any gear may be turned through 0 to 9 teeth during the passage of eachseries ofv teeth on the drum. Therefore, by turning the drum through anumber of series of drum and it has disposed circumferentially 'teetheach gearisturned i' through a corresponding multiple of the number ofteeth 1n each series for whichl it is set. 'By providing nine or moreseries of teetharound thel drum,vthe multiplicand digits represented byvmultiplicand gears torotary motion of cor-4 responding extents of thelinearly arranged product wheels. Each product Wheel has the digits 0 to9 consecutively` arranged` around its periphery so that the number ofteeth through which each lmultiplicand gear turns is properly exposed toview on the respective product wheel through Aan aperture in the cover.The units are properly carried to the product Wheels of next higherdenominations by transfer devices, ust after the passage of each seriesof drumteeth.

The multiplier members comprise a series of circularly arrangedshafts,veach carrying a. dial-and a clutch with a cam, adapted to be setfor any multiplier digit. These clutches engage successively With amultiplier actuating clutch which is turned one-tenth of a rotation justbefore the passage of each series of drum teeth and j ust after thetransfer operation. When the drum hasv turned through thenumber ofseries of teeth for which the engaging multiplier clutch is set, the camon the multiplier clutch comes into contact irvith another cam on theindentation member, whereupon Vthe indentation member with themultiplicand clutches and the multiplier actuating clutch arecollectively depressed and 'then turned with the multi plier drum untileach multiplicand clutch engages .the product clutch of next higherdenomination and the multiplier actuating clutch engages the multiplierclutch of next higher denomination, reproducing in this Way the step ofindentation of ordinary multiplication. The same operation is repeateduntil the last multiplier digit. is used, whereupon the spring motorwhich operates the multiplier drum is automatically stopped. Uponrewinding of this spring motor to its original operative condition, themultiplicand, multiplier and product are printed, and the machine isentirely cleared or set to Zero for the next-operation. Or, if desired,the adjusted position of the multiplicand gear may be retained and thenbrought to zero by hand at will. which is especially desirable in aseries of multiplicat-ions involving a constant factor.

The operating mechanism comprises a `uct type Wheels, each series beinglinearly insegna coiled spring, which turns the drum in one directiononly by means of a ratchet Wheel and pavvl, the spring being attached atone end to the drum shaft and lat the other end to a set screw adaptedtoadjust the tension of the spring to the efficient speed of the machine;an operating handle connected to the springq through a set of reducinggears 4so that upon unwinding of the spring a number of rotations of thedrum moves the handlev through but a part of one rotation, and upon.rewinding the spring,- a part-of one rotation of the handle completelyre stores the spring to its .normal operative condition. Furthermore,the actuation of a cam at the inception of the multiplication processprevents interruption of the operation until it is carried to linality,While other means necessitate the `complete rewinding of the springbefore the next multiplication can be performed. f

The printing mechanism consists of a series of multiplicand type Wheels,a series of multiplier type Wheels and a series of prodarranged andconnected by gears and shafts tothe corresponding series of indicatingde vices.v When the opera-tin handle is being pulled back and just beore the machine starts to clear, the multiplicand, multiplierandpproduct are printed on a slip of paper from their respective typewheels bymeans i of printing hammers and an inked ribbon. Those printinghammers of higher denomination than the highest denomination in therespective 'items are prevented from actuation, so that the printeditems show no zeros before their first significant figures. The inkedribbon is moved during each multiplication until itl is'wound almost offof one 105 Wheel, when its direction of movement isautomaticallyreversed. The strip of paper with the printed items thereonis then pulled out of the machine, so that a permanent record of theproblem is obtained. Another 110 slip of paper is then inserted for thenext operation.

During the reWinding and just after the printing operation, themultiplicand members are automatically returned to their adjustedpositions and brought to'zero with their dials, if desired, While themultiplier members, product Wheels and all the type wheels are returnedto zero. The multiplier drum is turned backward With the indentationmember to its normal position, which operation constitutes but a smallpart of the rewinding period. The multiplicand gears and 'dials may bereturned to their zero positions by hand when desired.

The mechanism is entirely inclosed in a cylindrical casing, having acover Withapen tures for exposing to View the multiplicand, multiplierand product. The machine is operable in any tilted position and ismounted 13u f on a stand by means of an adjustable hinge adapted tosecure the'machine in any tilted position.

In the accompanying drawings 'forminga part of this specification andserving to illustrate the preferredembodiment of my invention, Figure 1is a top view of the ma! chine ready for operation; Fig. 2 shows theslip of paper after printing, illustrating the arrangement of theprinted items and the manner of indicating them; Fi 8 is a side view ofthe machine with mo ified means for-adjusting it in tilted'positions;Fig. 4 is' a plan vie'w of the machine with the cover removed, showingthe product wheels, parts of the multiplicand and multiplier members andtheir clearing devices, and the means for connecting thecircularly-arranged product clutches with the linearly arranged productwheels; Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation along the center of vthe shaftwhich supports the product wheels, showing also the transfer mechanismand the clearing de- A vices; Fig. 6 is a side view'of a part of'theclearing mech-anism for the' product wheels; Figi? is a side elevationof the machine with the cylindrical casing removed, showing the parts intheir normal position; Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation at right anglesto Fig. 7 also showing the printing mechanismg Fig. 9 is a detailed viewof the transfer'r mechanism, for carrying units from one product wheelto the one of next higher denomination; Fig. 10 is a detailed view ofthe connection-to the multiplicand gear for adjusting it in positionalong the multiplier drum; Fig. 11 is a top view of the indentationmember which carries the multiplicand clutches, the multiplier actuatingclutch and parts of the clearing mechanism; Fig. 12 isa top view of theindentation member on line 12-12 of Fig. I13, showing also themultiplier clutches and the estopment bars for automatically stoppingthe motor when the multiplierdigit of highest denomination has beenused.; Fi'g. v13 is a side view, partly in section, showing themultiplier clutches and the automatic stopping devices; Fig. 14 is aperspective view of one of the estopment bars; Fig. 15 is a plan view ofthe device for returning the indentation member to its nor-4 malposition upon clearing the machine; Fig. 16 is a plan view, partlybroken away, showing particularly the details of the spring motor,theoperating handle and the controlling and adjusting mechanism; Fig. 17is a diagram illustrating the relative periods of actuation of themultiplicand gears, the transfer gearl and the multiplier actuatinggear; Fig. l18 is a sectional elevation of the Aupper part of themachine, showing the devices for automatically clearing themultiplicand, multiplier and productL indicating and printing members;Fig. 19 is a `plan view of the printing hammers andv .the means forpreventing their actuation;

Fig.'20 is an elevation of a printing wheel, partly broken away,illustrating a part of the mechanism7 for preventing the actuation ofthe printing hammers; Fig. 21 is a top view of the printing wheels,showing their connections to the multiplicand, multiplier and productmembers; Fig. 22 -is a sectional elevation on line 22--22 of Fig. 21,showing vparticularly the arrangementof the inked ribbon and itsactuating mechanism.

The casing protecting the internal mechanism consists of a top cover A,the hollow cylindrical part A1 andv the bottom plate A2 suitablyconnected together. The bottom plate is connected to the base or standA3. by a hinge A4, therebyallowing the machine to be tilted to thatposition most convenient for operation and reading. The hinge jointcomprises cored lugs projecting from the base plate A2 and the stand A3,and a bolt passing through the lugs. A vthumb nut screwed tightly on thebolt holds the machine in any position to whichit maj1 be adj usted. Thestand may be screwed to a table or other suitable place. A' Or, I mayadopt the modification illustrated in Fig. 3, wherein the machine ispivotally connected. to the base A5 at A6 and is held in any tiltedposition by the swinging link A7, the boltA8 extending from the casingof the machine and the wing nut A9 screwed on the bolt.

- So far as I am aware, this is the irst calculating machine havingvamultiplier member with a plurality of series of actuating means whereineach series is adapted to register 0 to 9 digits at will on theaddingform.' In this way, the multiplier drum' herein shown requires butone-eleventh of a complete rotation for each unit in each digit of onefactor to: be multiplied, although this fraction vis varied Ainaccordance with the desired range ofthe machine. by altering thenumberof series of teeth on the multiplier drum. -This construction results inrapid operation, simplicity and compactness of parts and other featuresof importance, so that the claims'in connection therewith should bebroadly interpreted. Y

The multiplier drum Bis loosely mounted by means of the arms B1 on therotatable drum shaft B2 which is journaled in the bearings B3 and B4carried by the base plate A2 and the shelf plate B5. The drum is made ofsuitable metal such as steel, brass. or the like, and may consist of aplurality of plates, rings or annuli BG compactly fastened togetherbetween the end plates Bl-by means of the through bolts B8 the annuli,having teeth B9 circumferentially disposed lli tlieldrum with teeththereon may be cast., or the teeth may be milled or otherwise cut out ofa cylinder, although I prefer toA build up the drum from a plurality ofsteel Aannuli having the teeth stamped out, the annuli being separated,if desired, by washers .or`

plurality of like series, each series. consisting of a blank for 0 andnine teeth representing in length the nine digits l to S). The teeth ofeach series on the drum'may be arranged promiscuously but I prefer tohave them progressively stepped starting from the bottom with,a blank,then a tooth of unit length, etc., finally ending with a tooth of nineu'nits length or nearly the total length of the drum. Theremay be anynumber ofsuch series of teeth around the multiplier drum, but in orderto multiply by 9 01 a lesser digit in one or less than one completerotation of the drum, I prefer to provide at least .nine series ofteethbut more than nine series where efficient design requires it.Accordingly, the, superposed annuli have a progressively increasingnumber of teeth in each series, starting with a blank space at thetopand ending at the bottom with an annulus having nine teeth in eachIseries. The annuli are superposed so that corresponding teeth are inalinement throughout the length of the drum. There is a depressed blankspacelB11 between all series of teeth on each annulus for the purpose oftransferring units to the product wheels of next higher denominations,and for the purpose of effecting indentation, as Will be noted later.

In the drawings there are eleven series' of drum teeth to accommodateeleven product members. Between adjoining series there is a depressedblank space, arbitrarily chosen about equal in circumferential length tothe circumferential length of the series of teeth.

, Although any other suitable number may be used, I show sixmultiplicand members arranged on the arc of a circle concentric with theperiphery ofthe multiplier drum. The multiplicand members have anangular spacing of 360o/l1, equal to that of each series of drum' teeth.The multiplicand l gears always end their rotation at the same time, andwhen they are adjusted to the same digit they start their rotation atthe same time as indicated in Fig. 17, although these conditions may bereversed or otherwise altered if desired. I may properly increase thecircumferential distance between these Lseries of drum teeth and thenreduce the angular spacing of the members. In fact, this schememay insome cases result in more compact design and more con venientarrangement than herein shown, as will be readily understood.-

Each multiplicand gear C has ten teeth (although this number isimmaterial) and is adapted to slide on the square shaft C1 and to turnthe shaft with it in the bearings C. Upon turningany nltiplicand buttonG3, the mu'ltiplicanddiafn 'i and the gear C:y fastened on the shaft C6are each turned through the same angle. Thegear C7 meshed with gear C5is turned thereby and the engaging rack C8 is moved vertically. At th'eend of the rack C8 is a projection C (Fig. l0) embracing one end of amember' C which slides betweenl the two shafts'Cu.

The other end of this member is forked soV as to embrace'a reducedportion in the hub of the multipllcand gear C. When the multiplicandbutton is turned from its zero posirtion, the multiplicand gear Cis-lowered from the position shown in'Fig. 8, where the teeth on thedrum do not engage the gear, and the number of drumteeth in eachserieswhich engage the gear is always exposed on the multiplicand dial throughthe aperture C12 in the cover. In this way, any multiplicand numberwithin the range of the machine is exposed to view. The spring C13 Vandthe toothed or serrated wheel C fastened to the gear C7 forces the exactposition of the multiplicand dial for any setting. To

securely hold the multiplicand gear in any y clutch is rotatably mountedon the indentation member D and .is forced into proper positions andheld fixed when out of engagement bythe serrated wheel C18 fastened onthe shaft C1 and the spring C supported from the indentation member.When the multiplicand gears. are collectively turned around the drumShaft to eifect indentation of the partial products, 'as will Abe notedlater, each member C10 comes out ofits forked vmember C on the end .ofthe rack. Those members which have the same setting along the multiplierdrum will pass through the corresponding forks, while those 'ofdifferent setting will clear the outsides of the forks'owing to theselected width of the forks relative to the thickness of a. drumannulus. Furthermore, upon returning the multiplicand members to theirnormal positions' in clearing the machine, all the members lC111 willagain enter their respective forks and thus be 'In a' position to beraised The multiplicand. dials retain their original settings through.-

to their zero setting.

l outthe multiplication operation, so that upon completion of a problemthe multiplicand is still exposed to view. The elements of themultiplicand members could be turned around the drum shaft duringindentation,

but the means herein disclosed have been devised for retaining the dialsin a fixed position.- So '.far as I am aware this idea is broadly newandtherefore the claims in connection therewith* should be broadlyinterpreted.

There are eleven product wheels E and therefore eleven product clutchesE1 and connecting members adapted to transmit the rotary motion of themultiplicand gears'to the -result or product wheels. Six ofthe productclutches are engaged at a time with the six multiplicand clutches andthe series progressively advances y after each indentationv from theseries of lowestdenomination to the series of' highest denomination.Each product clutch is journaled inthe shelf plate B5 and is providedwith a serrated wheel E2 fastened on the shaft E3 and aspring E4 fixedto the shelf plate to hold lthe clutch when out of engagement so thatit-will nicely vce lit when again put into engagement. Each productclutch controls a gear E5 adapted to turn its product wheel by means ofproperly arranged gears and shafts, as shown more particularly in Figs.4 and 7. The shafts E6 are journaled in'bearings E7 supported from ashelf plate and the shafts E8 are journaled in the cross bar E which isproperly fastened to the end pieces E10..

The gears E11 are loosely mounted on a shaft E12 between the pinneddisks E13, while the -gears E14 are fastened to their respective productwheels E. All' these gears are identical so that the movement of themultiplicand gears through each tooth advances the respective productwheels through one digit as seen through the lproduct apertures E15 inthe cover. The product wheels E are fastened on the sleeves E16 whichare loosely mounted on the shaft E11 (Fig. 5). This shaft is. journaledin the end pieces E1o which are fastened to the shelf plate at E18. l

(Fig. 7 t

I may .also use belts, chains, perforated steel tapes or any othersuitable means for transmitting the rotary motion of the cir-"'-ic/ularly arranged product clutches to: the

`linearly arranged. product wheels. The result attained is especiallyimportant in a calculating machine for any purpose, since the extremecompactness and inexpensive construction resulting from' the circularlarrangement of the actuating or multiplicand disposal of the result orproduct indicators. So farias I 'am aware this idea is broadly new andtherefore the claims in connection therewith; should be ybroadlyinterpreted.

The process of transferringunits tothe next higher denominations isperformed vafter the passage of each series of drum teeth. The series ofdrum teethY are separated circumferentially by depressed blank spaceswherein the process of transferring units is performed. One annulus isprovided for this purpose. vThe position o"f the teeth relativeto thetransfer gear is such that the transfer gear is actuated only -when .themultiplicand gears are in the depressed blank spaces of the drum andthus inoperative. As shown here the transfer teeth exist onlyin.alinement with the depressed blank` spaces between the seriesv of drumteeth.

members is combined with the convenient levers E21 and vE25 are looselymounted on (the shaft E26 so that as the product wheel is turned from 9toO, its cam turns thepawl of thenext higher product wheel one toothagainst the direction lof rotation of the ratchet wheel. Therefore afterthe actuation of the product-wheels by eachseries of drum teeth, allthose wheels to which a unit is to be transferred have their pawls inther depressions E21.l In order to turn those product wheels through onedigit after they have been actuated by each series of'drum teeth, thetransfer annulus E28 with a series of teeth E20 for each-'series of'drum teeth is fastened on the drum shaft in such rela-` tive positionto the other parts that the transfergear E30 is actuated only when themultiplicand gears are in' the depressed blank spaces of the drum. The.transfer teeth may be of any convenient pitch, but in order to obtain amultiplier drum of mini mum diameter, a pitch higher than that of' thedrum teeth is shown. The transfer gear (Fig. 7.) is fastened on theshaft E31 which extends through bearings to the bevel gear E32engagingwith and turning the bevel backward position with the springs inthe f iat gear ne (Fig. i) and ai@ Sima ne in' the direction of thearrow of Fig. f9. lThe numy ber of teeth in each series n the transferannulus and the teeth in the transmitting connections are such that theshaft E34 is turned through one rotation for each transfer operation. Awheel with a nose projection E35 is fastened on the shaft E3* in linewith each lever E2?. The noses are-consecutively displaced angularly sothat those levers vin the backward position are successively returnedand the.units transferred in the o rderV of the denomination of theproduct w'heels. Hence the units are transferred either as a vresult ofthe actuation of the multiplicand gears or as a result of a transfer. Itis evident that all the pawls are restored to their normal positions,wherein'the. springs E23 rest in the depressions E36 after eachrotationof the shaft E3, while further rotation in either direction willnot then disturb them. Besides acting as a part of the transfermechanism, the pawls and ratchet wheels also force the exact positionsof the product wheels irrespective of any lost motion in the connectingmechanism between the multiplicand gears and the product wheels.

The multiplier members determine the number of series of drum teethwhich pass each multiplicand gear before the subsequent indentation. Themachine may be designed for any 'number of multiplier digits, although Ishow one with a range of five digits sincev this range is convenient fora machine having eleven product wheels. .The multiplier-'members arespaced on the same angle asA the multiplicand members (Fig. 12), so thatafter each indentation the multiplicand clutches and the multiplieractuating clutch will engage successive product and multiplier clutches.The f multiplier shaft F has fastened to i-t the multiplier bute ton F1at one end and a multiplier clutch F2 at the other. The multiplier dialsF3 are loosely -mounted on their shafts and arev turned therewith inonly `one direction, clockwise as viewed from above, by means of theratchet wheels F t fastened on the shaft and the spring pressed pawls F5carried by the dials. Consequently, upon setting up the multiplierdigits, the multiplier dials are turned in a clockwise direction, asviewed from above, whereas upon rotatioh of the multiplier clutches i'nthe reverse direction, 'as will he noted later, the pawls slide over theteeth of their ratchet wheels and do not disturb the initial setting.Thus the multiplier setting is exposed to AView until the machine iscleared and therefore it is visible together with the multiplicand andproduct, so that the factors may be checked and the product read at theend of the multiplication. Itis obvious that the same' result would beobtained by loosely mounting the multiplier clutch and' connecting itwith the shaft bya pawl and ratchet, while then the multiplier dialwould be fastened to the shaft. $0 far as I am aware this feature isbroadly new and therefore the claims in connection ,therewith should bebroadlyl interpreted.

The indentation member D is loosely mounted on the drum shaft andcarries the multiplier actuating clutch Fs as well as the multiplicandclutches. On the lower end of the shaft F7 is fastened the gear F whichis turned through one of its teeth, or onetenth of a complete rotation,during the passage of each multiplier pin F firmly fastened to the drum.There is shown one multiplier pin for each series of drum teeth and eachone is so located that just before the series of .drum'teeth starttopass the multiplicand gears, and just after the last trans- 8 feroperation has been completed, the gear Ff and multiplier actuatingclutch F are turned through one-tenth of a rotation by the'pin Ff'.(Fig. I7). lWhen the number of series of drum teeth for which 'theengaging 90 multiplier clutch is set has passed each multiplicand gearand just after the last transfer is completed, the cam F1 on that multiplier 'clutch is'in contact with the cam F1l firmly mounted on theindentation member out of engagement and the jaws of the indentationclutch D2 are locked, whereupon lthe indentation member will be turnedwith the'drum since the lower part of the indentation clutch is fastenedto the drum while the upper part is fastened to the indentation memberat D3. The drum is then allowed to rotate further but the indenta tionmember is held in its depressed position by the pins D4 which then rideon the bottom of the serrated edge of the member D6. This member isfastened to the shelf plate B5 by screws DVwhile the pins D' are carriedby the indentation member. IVhen the multiplicand members and themultiplier actuating clutch have been turned to the'next clutches, thepins D4 are opposite the .next slots in the member D, so that theindentation member D is then forced upward by the spring D1 until'thcmultiplicand clutches engage the series of product clutches of nexthigher-denomination and the multiplier actuating clutch engages themultiplier clutch of next higher denomination. In this way, the processof indentation is effected so that the partial products of themultiplicand and each multiplier digitv are added in theirproperfdenominational relation on the product wheels. The spring pressedserratedwheels F12 and F13-hold the multiplier actuating clutch and.they

multiplier so that their' digits of lowestde-V nomination are set up onthe respective memy bers of lowest denomination, the product `digits oflowest denomination will always be locatedat the extreme right of theproduct line, thus eliminating the, possibility of including one or morezeros at the end of the indicated and printed items. However, thefactors may be set up in theirnat-ural order, progressing from left toright, since the denominational order may be indicated above therespective buttons, as shown in Fig. l. At the beginning of everyproblem the multiplican'd` clutchof lowest denomination engages theproduct clutch of lowest denomination' and then the multiplicand issuccessively ymultiplied lby the multiplier digits in'theirdenominational order starting with the lowest. If desired, this processmay be reversed whereupon it would be necessary to reverse the directionof movement of the indentation member, while the direction of rotationof the/drum could also be reversed if desired.

If desired, I could allow my machine to operate to .its'limit in allproblems irrespecrtive of the number of multiplier digits, but

.the multiplier contains but vone digit whereupon one indentation iseffected before thev machine 4is stopped. The means for aecom-lplishing'this result will now be described. (Figsfvl, '13 and 14). Uponsetting any 'multiplier member, except the one of lowest denomination,to any multiplier digit other than @,the multiplier clutch having aperiphthe highest -set up is allowed to depress the cam F11 on theindentation member D but is 'eral depression F14' isr turned from itszero ,-po'sitionso that the projection F15 of the 'estopment bar F16 isheld put of its normal position against the action of the springs F17,thereby swinging outward about the pivot'F18 4that estopment bar and allthose corresponding to lower 'denominations as a `result of the pinsF19, as shown in dotted lines on Fig. l2. However, the estopment bar ofnext higher denomination will not be swung out, so that the cam F10 one'a ch multiplier clutch of 'lower denomination than stopped therefrom'and' rigidly held bythe .extension FZIO when the machine attempts toest denomination set up. The cam F10 on the multiplier member ofhighest'denomina tion is of such' form as not to depress the indentationmember when in contact with the cam F11, so as to always stop the vmachine when the maximum range ofimultiplier digits have been used.Therefore the machine operates from the lowest denomination through themultiplier digit of highest denomination notwithstanding the cpntingencythat all the `multiplier digits .except the first from the left may be0. As the cams F1o are returned to their Zerol positions duringmultiplication, the springs F17 draw the estopment bars back insuccession to their normal positions, as indicated in the full lines` ofFig, 1:2. So faras I am aware this principle is broadly newand theclaims in connection therewith should be broadly interpreted. The reasonfor omitting the estopment bar from the multiplier member of lowestdenomination will be explained later.

It is apparent that instead of moving the multiplicand members andthemultiplier actuating clutch around the drum shaft during indentation,the product members could be so moved 'either with the multipliermembers or alone, but the means herein disclosed are preferred.

It isv apparent that the mechanism could be actuated by4 a handlefastened vto the drum shaft and turned by hand, and also the indentationcould be effected by hand. lIn this way the motor, the means forautomatically stopping'the machine, and the means for automaticallymdenting the partialv prod- `ucts could be eliminated, but .theimportantA feature of continuous automatic operation .as herein'disclosed would not be obtained.

After setting the multiplicand and multiplier numbers, the operating camH' is pulled back, thereby pressing inwardly the rod H1 against theaction of spring H2 and at the'same timevremoving the spring pres- (Fig.16).- The rod H1 is guided in its movement by lthe pin H4 of the rod anda slot in the sure at the engaging tooth H3.

handle, and it carries. a pin H5 which is adapted to turn the lever H6about its pivot Simultaneously the rod H1 presses down the right handside of the lever HS pivoted at H11, thereby disengaging the tooth H11and forcing the lever Hs into that posi'- tion where the projection I 10rests vin the depression H11 of the spring H12. The handle H13 isfastened to the gear H11 and is loosely pivoted on the drum shaft B2.

Thef'inner 'end of the main spring H15 is fastened to the drum. shaft atH32 (Fig. 8)', while its other end is fastened to the adjusting blockH18. This block is adapted 'to be moved ih the slot H10 and to beadjusted 'therein by means of the thumb screw H2", so as to regulate themam spring 1n accordance with the eiicient speed of operation of tnemachine. The ratchet Wheel H16 is fastened to the drum shaft while thespring pressed pawl H17 engaging therewith is fastened to the drum, sothat upon rotation of the drum shaft in anticlockwise direction, viewedfrom above as indicated by the arrow in i Fig. 16, the drum issynchronously rotated,

whereas upon the reverse movement lthe pawl slides over the ratchetteeth. -Ilhen the main spring is free to unwind it turns the drum shaftand by means of the reduc-- ing gears H21 tightly mounted and H22loosely mounted on the drum shaft and the connected gears H23 and H24loosely mounted on H25, the handle H13 is slowly moved in the directionof the arrow of Fig. 16 along the slot H21 in the casing until the motoris automatically stopped as described above. To rewind the motor thehandle H13 is pulled back from the position it assumes at thecompletionof the multiplication to that V position shown in thedrawings, whereupon the lever -H0 will have turned the lever H8 untilthe tooth H"s is engaged and the pro. jection H10 rests in thedepression H2B of the spring, thereby, preventingthe operation of themain spfinguntil the operating cam is again actuated. Therefore; it isnecessary that the main spring be restored to its fully operativecondition after each multiplication and that the'items be printed andthe machine cleared, as will be noted later, for unless the handle ispulled all the way back, .the spring will immediately unwind.

` In order to adjust the speed of the multi- I plier drum, I provide aserrated an'nulus H2'I secured to thedrum and: a roller H28 pressed bythe spring H2 which may be adjusted by the set screw H32. These-devicesalso force the drum to stop'in a-correct position after each operation.The serrated segment H31 and a spring pressed roller, 'the pressure be--in adjustable as described above, similarly control the movement4of'ftheV indentation member during the process o-f indentation.

Upon rewinding the motor, the multipli- Vcand, multiplier and productare printed on a slip of paper in three lines, each. being designatedvin acharacteristic manner, as f shown in Fig. 2. The multiplicandprinting wheels J are set to`the multiplicand digitsupon turningthemultiplicand buttons, by means of the vbevel gears J1, the shafts J2which extend -through the bearings J 3, "and the -bevel gears. J1. (Figs8 and 21.) The multiplier printing wheels J "0 are similarly setto themultiplier digit by means of the gears Ji", and the shafts J 2. 'Theproduct printing wheels J T are turned by the product indicating wheelsby means of the gears E11 fastened on the sleeve E1 with the productwheels E, the gears J8 loosely mounted on the shaft J 9 and the gear J10fastened to the product printing wheels. The multiplicand,

multiplier and product printing wheels are loosely mounted on theirshafts J 11, J12 and J 13, respectively, and each wheel carries fig-'ure type 0 to 9 consecutively arranged around its periphery,asindicated in Fig. 20.

Vhen the multiplication is completed, the printing type wheels presentthe proper digits to be printed. A strip of paper J11 is now, or priorto the multiplication, fully inserted inthe slot J1" of the casing. Justbefore the indentation member reaches its normal position in theresetting operation, as will be described later, the pin J1G on theindentation member strikes the pawl J1T which consists of two partspivoted at J11 in an opening of the shelf plate. (Fig. 8.) The lowerpart of the pawl J1'I has an end projeeti ,n while the upper partcarries a pin so arranged that the lower part is moved alone when thepin J1 strikes it during multiplication. while the upper part is broughtout of engagement with the ratchet wheel J1 during ,resetting ofI theindentation member. The spring J 22 is then free to turn the shaft J 21on whichthe ratchet wheel is fastened so that the bent rod J2", attachedat both.

ends to the shaft J21, Iallows the spring J22 to operate all theprinting hammers J 23 fas tened on the shaft JM.

I show meansfor preventing the printing of zeros before the firstsignificant figure of the product only, but similar means may `a'lso beused for the multiplicand and mulmally covers the .opening J 5, butuncovers the opening when its lever orl any one -of higher denominationsis actuated. Then the printing hammers are operated, they strike lthecover plates over theopenings not uncovered, but pass through those thatare.

uncovered andsmartly strike the paper J1* against the-inlred'ribbon 4Jand the type wheels to simultaneously print the items. Theperforatedplate J 31 prevents smearing of the paper. Immediately after theprinting hammers have operated, the pin J1G on the indentation membercomesinto contact with the arm J33 loosely mounted on the shaft J21, andbymeans of a pin and slot connection to the ratchet wheel J10 pulls allthe printing hammers down to their normal position shown in Fig. 8.During multiplicatin the arm J33 is moved to the right without actuatingthe ratchet'wheel J10 by reason of the pin and slot connection. In thisway the, multiplicand, multiplier andproduct are printed withoutpreceding zeros, notwithstanding the contingency that any item maycontain any number of zeros following the digit of highestdenomination.` If the multiplier contains but one digit then the indenf'tation member automatically advances .after the multiplication operationto the position for multiplication by a second digit, since there is noestopment bar on .the multiplier members of lowest denomination, aspreviously mentioned. However, the machine will then be automaticallystopped by the estopment bar corresponding to the second lowestdenomination, which, essentially,

- comes into engagement immediately after the multiplication operation.

.The inked ribbon .T32 is wound on' two spools J 34 and travels justunder the type wheels. (Figs. 1 8 and 22). driven at a time by meansofthe shaft J 35 carrying at its end the bevel gears J3,A This shaft isturned from themultiplier member of lowest denomination, so as to.operate during every problem,A by means of vthe gear J3?,anintermedia'te gear hidden just behind it in Fig. 22, and the gear J3S. which turns the shaft by a feather and groove con nection at J 39.One or the other bevel gears J 38 engages with a similar gear J40 onnthe spool shaft J 41 until the inked. ribbon of vone spool is wound to apredetermined diameter,

` whereupon. the bell crank J42 is pushed down sufficiently so that thecatch J48 releases the lever JM. Then the spring J15 fastened' to theloose collar J 46 pulls the lever J4? Land therefore the lshaft J35 bymeans of the splined collar J47 until the other 'bevel gears engage tomove the inked ribbon During the re-A in theopposite direction. Iversing operation, the shaft J 3? slides axially through theactuating-gear J 3S which is continuallyheld in an engagement by the armJ. In order'to properly carry the inked ribbon from the spool into itsposition under., p

the printing wheels,- it is guided over pins J 9 and other pins notshown, as indicated by the broken lines in Fig. 18.

The actuating devices for clearing the machine or setting the members toZero are carried' by the indentation member atl such positions that justbefore the indentation membei` is brought back to its normal positiondescribed.r

One spool is Acleared by the following means.

lmember' K is rotated, whereupon the pin K4 is pressed down against theaction of the spring K5, thereby depressing the inden-` tation memberDuntil the clutch members D2 come into engagement. At the same timeoneof the six slots K6 engages with the key K7 on the drum shaft (Fig. 8)so that the indentation member is turned back with the'multiplier drumand the drum shaft. The indentation member is prevented from rising by.the Apins D4 andthe serrated member D6 untilitreaches its normalposition, when the indentation member is free to rise at one side of thepin K4, as indicated in Fig. 12` By these meansthe indentation member,together with the multiplicand members and multiplier actuating member,are returned from any position at which they-may have stopped to theirnor- -mal positions, whereas the previously described operations duringthe multiplication l process are in nowise interfered with. A'Themembers C10 will then engage with their respective forks C9 ready tocause the multi-.

`plicand gears to be raised to their Zero poy sition, if desired.

Just after theprinting operation, the multiplier dials and multipliertype wheels are (Figs. 4, 12 and 18), F astened on the multiplier dialsF 3 are the cams L, whichare adapted y Itobeturned from any position totheir zero Iposition shown in d.F ig. 4, by means of the sliding memberL1 With properly shaped edged depressions L2. Depending from the memberL1 and guided by the bearings L3 is the rod LaL which pushes the springpressed latch 'L5 away during multiplication but which is caught therebyduring the rewinding operation. In this way the rodLL4 is pulled alongthroughout the full travel of the member L1 in the direction of thearrow l lin Fig. 4, whereby all the multiplier dials are returned totheir normal or zero posi- L1 by the spring L7. The multiplier cams F10are individually reset as a result of the multiplication operation. y

By similar means the multiplicand dials, gears and type wheels are resetto their normal positions. f, however, themultiplicand setting is; to beretained, therod M is pulled up by the handle M2 so that the spring M3rests in a depression M4. Then the rod M will not be engaged by thecatch M5 during the rewinding operation and the member M6 will not beactuated to turn the Acams MT which are fastened on the multi- .plicandshafts CG. lVhen it is desired to reset the multiplicand gears andVdials totheir normal positions, ythe member Mo may be actuated by handby pulling the handle M2 `A tion. A t theiproper point the pin L6 pushesthe latch L5 out of engagement with the rod L4L which is then returnedwith the member -member Mback to its normalposition'.

The product indicating and type wheels are cleared by means ofthe memberN and the pivoted lever N1 having a toothed segment N2 which engages thegear N3 on the shaft E Vand thereby causes the spring pressed pawls N4fastened to the product wheels E to engage the'peripheraldepression Ninthe wheels N(s (Figs. 6and1'8). The depressions lN5 are so shaped thatupon rota` tion of the wheels NG in the reverse direction to that of thearrows of Fig. 6, which occurs during the first indentation in themultiplication operation, the pawl N4 rides out of it without lockingthe two wheels together. However, during the clearing operation, the twoare locked together at some part of the rotation, irrespective of thepositionof the productv wheels, and `then thc product wheel is returnedto Zero by moving the toothed segment Ng'farther in the direction of itsarrow in Fig. 18. lVhen the in-- dentation member advances Vfrom theposition corresponding to the multiplier digits of llowest denomination,the lever N1 is pulled by the spring NT to the position indicated by thedotted lines in Fig.4 12, ready to be actuated as noted above uponresetting the indentation member. y

Upon movement of the cover plates J 29 to" permit the operation of theprintingA hammers, the member P is Apushed to the right in Fig. 18,turning the bell crank Pzabout its pivot P3. 'Ihe nose P4 is thus forcedinto the path of the pin P5 so that, at the end of the return movementof the indentation member D, the bell crank P2 is pushed up therebyresetting all the cover plates J t9 to their normal positions whereinthey coverthe respective openings in the plate J 3.1. The

spring l?1 holds the bell crank in its upright position after ,the pinP5 has moved away during the multiplication operation.

' It is obvious that my machine may be modified in many particularswithout departing from the essential features disclosed herein andtherefore I nowise limit myself to the specific construction shown. Itis apparent that the actuating teeth may be carried by a memberof'dilferent form, or by anendless belt or chain instead of thedescribed drum, the important thing being that the multiplicand gearsmay be repeatedly turned during one passage of all the'- drum teeth;also the multiplicand and the multiplier indicators may be linearlydisposed by employing transmitting means similar to those shown forthelproduct indicators or for the multiplicand and 4multiplier -typeWheels;` furthermore, bevel spur or,

other gears may be usedin place of the multiplicand, multiplier foi'.product clutches.

Having thus described'my invention, what I claim is:

1,. In a. calculating ,machine having an adding mechanism, means forsetting up a multiplicand factor, means for setting up` aI multiplierfactor having more than one digit, means including a motor forautomatically edectingthe multiplication of said factors, and meanspositioned by thel multiplier setting means for automatically stoppingsaidmotor upon completion of the multiplying operation; substantially asde-V scribed.

2. In a. calculating machine, an adding mechanism, -a member forming oneelementA having a plurality of relatively fixed actuating. meansarrangedlin lines containing different numbers thereof, a plurality Aofgears forming a second element and adapted to be axially rotated upQnengagement with said actuating means, and transmitting connections fromsaid gears to saidV adding mechanism, one of said elements being adaptedto move in order to axially rotate said gears and thereby advance saidadding mechanism; substantially as described.

3. -In a calculating machine, an adding `mechanism comprising a`plurality of denominations, a member having a plurality of circularlydisposed series of actuating means, and transmitting mechanism from saidmember to said adding mechanism,

each'of said series being adapted to cop-.

erate with said transmitting mechanism to effect theA registration of 0to 9 digits on a denomination of said adding mechanism.

1l. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism comprising a pluralityof denominations, a. member having a plurality of series of actuatingmeans fixed with respect to each other, and transmitting mechanismadapted to coperate with each of said series to effect the registrationof O to 9 digits' on a denomination of said adding mechanism.

5. In a calculating machine, angadding 'mechanism, a member having aplurality of series of actuatingA means wherein each series comprises 1to 9 of said actuating means in circular alinement with 1 to 9respectively of the remaining series, and transmitting mechanism adaptedto advance said adding mechanism upon engagement with said actuatingmeans.

6.- In `a calculatingmachine, an 'adding mechanism, a rotatable memberhaving a plurality'of series of actuating means, and transmittingmechanism adapted to copica4 crate with each of said series uponrotation i ofr'said' member to efectf the registration of Opto 9 `digitson a denomination of said adding mechanism. a

7; In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, a rotatable drum'having a plurality of series of peripherally disposed actuating means,and transmitting mechanism adapted to coperate with each of said seriesupon rotation of said drum to effect registration of to 9 digits upon adenomination of said adding mechanism. l l i 8. In a calculatingmachine, an adding mechanism, a rotatable drum having a plurality ofseries of stepped teethvarranged around the 'periphery thereof, andtransmitting mechanism between said .drum and vsaid adding mechanism,each of said series comprising teeth from l to 9 units length adaptedupon rotation to coperate with said transmittingmecha-nism, to advance adenomination of said adding mechanism 1 to- 9 digits. i

A9. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, a member having aplurality of series 'of circularly disposed actuatingV means,transmitting mechanism cooperating With said actuating means to advancesaid adding mechanism, and a pluralityof nonop`erative spacesalternating with said series on said member'vvherein saidtransmitting'mechanism is not actuated,

10. In a calculating machine,a plurality of result indicators, transferdevices therefor, a member having actuating means simultaneouslycoperative with ltransmitting mechanism to actuate said indicatorsandalso having other actuating means adapted to coperate With othertransmitting mechanism to actuate said transfer'devices.

.l 11. In a calculating machine, a ,plurality of result indicators andtransfer devices therefor, a member having a plurality of series of.actuating means wherein each series comprises a plurality thereof,transmitting mechanism coperating with said actuating means vto adyancesaid indicators, a transfer member having other actuating means, and"other transmitting mechanism cooperating with said transfer member toactuate said transfer devices.

12. In a calculating machine, a plurality of result indicators andtransfer devices of plates,

of result indicators and transfer' devices therefor, a multiplier'memberhaving a plurality of circularly disposed series o f actu- -ating meansand a plurality of non-operative spaces alternating therewith,transmitting mechanism coperating With said actuating ineanstoadvancesaid indicators, a transfer member havinga plurality o-f series ofactuating means anda plurality of non-operative spacesalternatingthereivith,

actuation of the transfer devices by theA transfer member.

14.-. Iii a calculating machine, a rotatable drum having a plurality ofseries of teeth and a plurality of depressed blank spaces -alternatingWith said series, a plurality of transfer teeth, a transfergear, and aplutls rality of actuating gears, said .transfer gear engaging With saidtransf-er teeth only When said Aactuating gears are in said blankspaces, whereby the transfer operation inoperative. I 15. In a.calculating machine a plurality a plurality of series of teethcircumferentially disposed on the periphery of each of said plates, aplurality of depressed blank spaces alternating with said series,

and means for holding said plates together whereby said teeth` and saidspaces are in alinement. y

16. In a calculating machine, thevcombinationlivith an adding mechanismand transmitting mechanism' thereto, of a multiplier member built up 4ofa number of plates having actuating means adapted to coperate with thetransmitting mechanism and being so arranged that there is formed aplurality of series of said actuating means and a plurality ofnon-operative spaces alternating with said series.

17. In a calculating machine, the combination with an addingmechanismand transmitting mechanism thereto, of a multiplier memberbuil-t up of superposed annuli havingl actuating means adapted tocoperate With the transmitting mechanism and being so arranged thatthere is formeda plurality of peripherally disposed series of 1 to 9 ofsaid actuating means and a plurality of non-operative spaces alternatingwith said series.v v y V1S. In a calculating machine, the combinationwith ka plurality of result indicators and transfer devices therefor,and transmitting mechanism to the indicators and the transfer devices,of a member built up of a number of plates having actuating meansarranged to form a plurality of series thereis performed Whentheactuating gears are of for coperating With the transmitting mechanism tothe indicators and a plurality of series thereof for`coperating With thetransmitting mechanism to the transfer del vices.

19. In acalculating machine, lthe combination With a plurality of resultindicatorsand transfer devices therefor, and transmitting mechanism totheindicators andv thel transfer devices, of a member built up ofsuperposed annuli having peripheral actu ating means arranged toform aplurality of series thereof 4for coperating W-ith the transmittingmechanism to the indicators t and a plurality of series thereofcoperating With the transmitting mechanism to the transfer devices, andmeans for holding said annuli in fixed relative position.

20. In a calculating machine, the combination With a rotatable drumhaving a -plurality of series of teeth circumferentially.

disposed on its periphery and a plurality of-'depressed blank spacesalternating with 'said series, ofa transfer plate having a plurality ofteeth circumferentially disposed on its periphery, and a plurality ofdepressed blank spaces alternating With said last named series, andmeans for`holding.

said drinn and said plate together so that said teeth and said spacesmaintain a fixed relative position.

21. In a calculating machine, a plurality of annuli superposed to forma`hollow drum, a plurality of series of teethcircumferentially disposedon the4 periphery of said annuli, a plurality of depressed blank spaces`alternating with said series, and means for `holding said annulitogether, 'whereby a plurality of series' of elongated stepped teethalternating with a plurality of series of elongated depressed blankspaces are formed on said` drum.

22. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, a rotatable memberhaving a plurality of like series of actuating means, andtransmittingmechanism to said adding mechanism includingla gear adapted to engagesaid Aactuating means and thereby advance said adding mechanism througha like amount during the, passage of each of said series.

23. In a mechanism, a member having a pluralityof actuating meansarranged in lines containing different numbers thereof including somegreater than 9, transmitting mechanism to the adding mechanismincludinga gear adapted to engage anyline of said actuating-means andthereby1 actuate the adding .mechanism through' predetermined amountssometimes more than 9 digits, and

means for positioning said gear relatively to said member.

24. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, a rotatable memberhaving a calculating machine, an adding plurality of -actuating meansarranged in actuating means," transmitting mechanism to theadding`mechanism including an axially rotatable gear adapted to engageany circle of said yactuating means and thereby actuate the addingmechanism through predetermined amounts sometimes'more than 9 digits inone rotation of said drum, and -means for moving said gear parallel tothe axis of said drum to bring it in line with any predetermined circlelof said -actuating 'means 426. In a calculating machine, a plurality ofresult indicators, transfer devices therefor, a member. having actuatingmeans arranged in lines of different numbers thereof, transmittingmechanism including a gear adapted V- to -coperate with said actuatingmeans to actuate an indicator, a transfer memberv having other actuatingmeans, and other transmitting mechanism. including ainother gear adaptedto coperate with the actuating means of 'said transfer member to actuatesaid transfer devices.`

27. In a calculating machine, a plurality of 'result indicatori-s,transfer devices therefor, a member having actuating means arranged inllines of different numbers thereof and having a non-operative space,transmitting mechanism, including a gear, adapted tocoperate With saidactuating means to actuate an indicator, a transfer member having otheractuating-means, other transmitting mechanism including a gear adaptedto cooperate With the actuating means of' said transfer member toactuate said transfer devices when the first-mentioned gear is in saidnon-operative space, and means for positioning the first-mentioned gearrelatively to its actuating means to actuate an yindicator throughpredetermined" amounts.

28.In a calculating machine, a rotatable member, a plurality of axiallyrotatable devices, and a plurality of series of actuating meanscarriedby said memberadapted to simultaneously rotate said devices.

29.'In a' calculating machine, the combination with a member having aplurality of series of teeth, of a plurality of axially

